Sahabat, penggunaan obat selama kehamilan sering menjadi dilema. Di satu sisi ibu hamil membutuhkan obat untuk terapi dari penyakit yang diderita selama kehamilan. Tetapi di sisi lain muncul kekuatiran tentang efek samping obat yang dapat membahayakan janin dalam kandungannya.
Lantas apa yang harus dilakukan? Semoga TIPS aman mengkonsumsi obat berikut ini dapat membantu mengurangi kecemasan para ibu hamil.
Apakah ibu hamil boleh mengggunakan obat – obatan selama sakit ?
Ibu hamil sebaiknya tidak menggunakan obat tanpa resep atau tanpa anjuran dokter yang merawat.Karena kandungan zat kimia dalam obat dapat berpengaruh buruk pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin.Terutama pada masa kehamilan tiga bulan pertama. Pada trimester pertama kehamilan, adalah masa yang sangat rawan, karena sedang berlangsung proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan organ – organ tubuh janin.
Namun demikian dalam keadaan terpaksa dimana seorang ibu hamil dalam kondisi sakit sangat membutuhkan terapi, maka dokter akan berusaha memberikan obat yang paling aman dalam dosis yang direkomendasikan untuk di konsumsi dengan resiko seminimal mungkin.
Hal – hal apa saja yang harus diperhatikan oleh ibu hamil sehubungan dengan penggunaan obat – obatan ?
1.Ibu hamil disarankan tidak minum obat atau suplemen vitamin yang dijual bebas tanpa seijin dokter atau bidan yang merawat kehamilan.
2.Hindari minum jamu kemasan kering ataupun obat tradisional yang tidak memiliki ijin dari BPOM. Sebaiknya ibu hamil tidak mengkonsumsi obat resep dokter dan obat tradisional ( obat alternatif ) dalam waktu bersamaan tanpa berkonsultasi dengan tenaga medis atau dokter yang merawat anda.
3.Jangan lupa bila ibu sakit dan berobat ke rumah sakit atau Puskesmas selalu menginformasikan pada dokter atau bidan yang merawat,bahwa ibu dalam kondisi hamil. Hal ini penting agar dokter atau bidan akan meresepkan obat yang aman
4.Selalu memeriksa tanggal kadaluarsa, bentuk kemasan, tampilan dari obat yang ibu hamil terima dari apotik atau toko obat .
5.Pastikan ibu hamil mengunjungi apotik yang sudah terpercaya untuk mendapatkan obat yang bermutu. Hal ini untuk menghindari resiko kemungkinan ada obat yang dipalsukan.Cek ulang kembali pada saat ibu menerima obat dari apotik apakah nama ibu dan jenis obat sesuai dengan yang diresepkan dokter.
6.Menginformasikan kepada dokter atau bidan tentang riwayat alergi obat tertentu jika pernah mengalami, agar tidak terulang pemberian obat yang sejenis.
7.Mengimbangi dengan minum air putih yang cukup untuk mengurangi reaksi obat terhadap fungsi hati dan ginjal .
8.Jangan lupa untuk mencatat reaksi alergi dari obat dan jenis obat baru yang diresepkan oleh dokter dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya.
Segera ke dokter atau bidan bila setelah minum obat lalu ibu hamil mengalami keluhan mual muntah, nyeri kepala hebat, jantung berdebar – debar dan keringat dingin, gatal – gatal seluruh tubuh, mata bengkak dan sebagainya.
9. Perhatikan cara penyimpanan obat misalnya pada suhu tertentu harus disesuaikan agar tidak mengurangi khasiat obat, jangka waktu pemberian obat harus tepat jangan terlalu dekat juga jangan terlambat.
10.Khusus untuk obat antibiotik yang sudah diresepkan dalam dosis yang aman bagi ibu hamil, obat harus di minum sampai habis sesuai jadwal dari dokter.
Catatan :
Jenis obat yang termasuk berbahaya untuk ibu hamil dan dapat berpengaruh terhadap proses tumbuh kembang janin antara lain sebagai berikut :
Ibuprofen ( penghilang nyeri ), Lithium ( obat untuk gangguan jiwa ), Carbimazole ( obat untuk gangguan kelenjar tiroid, Warfarin dan jenis obat pembeku darah lainnya, Vaksin untuk cacar, campak jerman ( rubela ), Tetrasikline ( antibiotik ), Phenytoin ( obat epilepsi ), Choloroquin ( obat anti malaria ), obat anti kanker, Radiasi sinar X, obat kulit yang mengandung vitamin A. ( Sumber Materi Kelas Ibu 1 DEPKES )
DAFTAR OBAT AMAN DAN BERBAHAYA UNTUK IBU HAMIL DAN MENYUSUI
Kelompok Analgetik, NSAIDS, Obat Batuk dan Pilek,
Anti Alergi dan Asma, Anestesi
Obat untuk Penghilang Rasa Sakit (Pain Killer) | ||||
Nama Obat |
AAP approved?* |
Kategori Risiko Kehamilan** |
Risiko Menyusui** |
Notes |
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
|
Aspirin |
Caution |
C (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L3 |
|
Azapropazone (Rheumox) |
Approved
|
– |
L2 |
|
Butalbital (Fioricet, Fiorinal, Bancap, Two-dyne) |
NR |
D |
L3 |
|
Butorphanol (Stadol) |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L3 |
|
Celecoxib (Celebrex)) |
NR |
C |
L2 |
|
Codeine (in Tylenol #3, #4) |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
|
Colchicine |
Approved |
D |
L4 |
|
Diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren) |
NR |
B |
L2 |
|
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
|
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Froben, Ocufen) |
NR |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L2 |
|
Hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin) |
NR |
B |
L3 |
|
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) |
NR |
C |
L3 |
|
Ibuprofen (Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofen) |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L1 |
|
Indomethacin (Indocin) |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L3 |
|
Ketorolac (Toradol, Acular) |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L2 |
|
Meperidine (Demerol) |
Approved |
B |
L2; |
|
Methadone (Dolophine) |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
|
Morphine (Duramorph, Infumorph, Epimorph, MS Contin) |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
|
Nalbuphine (Nubain) |
NR |
B |
L2 |
|
Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Aleve) |
Approved |
B |
L3; |
|
Nefopam (Acupan) |
Approved |
– |
NR |
|
Oxycodone (Tylox, Percodan,Oxycontin, Roxicet, Endocet, Roxiprin, Percocet) |
NR |
B |
L3 |
|
Pentosan polysulfate (Elmiron) |
NR |
B |
L2 |
|
Piroxicam (Feldene) |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
|
Propoxyphene (Darvocet N, Propacet, Darvon) |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
|
Rofecoxib (Vioxx) | ||||
Secobarbital (Seconal) |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
|
Tolmetin (Tolectin) |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
|
Tramadol HCL (Ultram, Ultracet) |
NR |
C |
L3 |
|
Valdecoxib (Bextra) | ||||
** Per Medications’ and Mothers’ Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition). |
Lactation Risk Categories |
Pregnancy Risk Categories |
|
|
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by Hale. |
- Aspirin use is discouraged in children and nursing mothers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome and internal bleeding.
- Fioricet (Fiorinal, Bancap, Two-dyne) contains acetaminaphen or asprin, caffeine, and butalbital. Per Hale, baby should be observed for sedation.
- Hale suggests weakened or premature infants be observed for sedation and apnea.
- Hale suggests newborns be observed for sedation, apnea, constipation.
- Per Hale, use of frequent, higher dose may result in infant sedation.
- Per Hale, Meperidine use during labor or early postpartum has been associated with sedation, poor sucking reflex, and neurobehavioral delay in infants.
- Per Hale, observe infant for sedation, respiratory depression, addiction, withdrawal syndrome.
- Per Hale, higher doses may result in infant sedation.
- Per Hale, should be used with caution due to its long half-life and its effect on baby’s cardiovascular system, kidneys and GI tract; short-term, infrequent or occasional use is not necessarily incompatible with breastfeeding.
- Roxicet, Endocet, Roxiprin, Percocet also contain acetaminophen. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
- Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
- Per Hale, observe infant for GI cramping, distress, diarrhea.
- Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
- Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more] | ||||
Nama Generik |
Nama Dagang |
AAP approved?* |
Kategori Risiko Kehamilan** |
Risiko Menyusui** |
Azapropazone (apazone) | Rheumox |
Approved |
– |
L2 |
Dipyrone (banned in the US & UK) | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Flufenamic acid | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Ibuprofen | Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofin |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L1 |
Indomethacin | Indocin |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L3 |
Ketorolac | Toradol, Acular |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L2 |
Mefenamic acid | Ponstan, Ponstel |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Naproxen | Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Aleve |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Phenylbutazone | Butazolidine |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Piroxicam | Feldene |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Suprofen | Profenal |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Tolmetin | Tolectin |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Steroid |
[contents] |
|||
Methylprednisolone [ high dosage methylprednisolone] |
Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Medrol |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Prednisolone | – |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Prednisone | Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Obat Asma |
[contents] |
|||
Dyphylline | Dilor, Lufyllin, Dyphylline |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Terbutaline | Bricanyl, Brethine |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Theophylline | Aminophylline, Quibron, Theo-Dur |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Analgetik Narkotik [more] | ||||
Butorphanol | Stadol |
Approved |
B (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L3 |
Codeine | Tylenol #3, #4 |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Fentanyl | Sublimaze |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Meperidine | Demerol |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Methadone | Dolophine |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Morphine | Morphine |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Propoxyphene | Darvocet N, Propacet, Darvon |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Obat Batuk | |||
Nama Obat |
AAP approved?* |
Risiko Menyusui** |
|
Codeine |
yes |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Dextromethorphan |
not reviewed |
L1 (safest) |
|
Guaifenesin |
not reviewed |
L2 (safer) |
|
Dekongestan (Obat Pilek) | |||
Nama Obat |
AAP approved?* |
Risiko Menyusui** |
|
Phenylephrine |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Actifed) |
yes |
L3 (moderately safe) for acute use |
|
* Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk, revised September 2001. ** Per Medications’ and Mothers’ Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2006 edition) |
|||
Nasal Sprays (Spray Hidung) | |||
Nama Obat |
AAP |
Risiko Menyusui** |
|
Beclomethasone (Vanceril, Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase) |
not reviewed |
L2 (safer) |
|
Cromlyn sodium (Nasalcrom) |
not reviewed |
L1 (safest) |
|
Fluticasone (Flonase) |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Mometasone (Nasonex) |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Phenylephrine (in some forms of Sinex and Neo-Synephrine) |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Nasacort) |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Antihistamin (Anti Alergi) | |||
Nama Obat |
AAP |
Risiko Menyusui** |
|
Brompheniramine |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) CTM |
not reviewed |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
not reviewed |
L2 (safer) |
|
Dexbrompheniramine maleate with d-isoephedrine |
yes |
not reviewed |
|
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
not reviewed |
L2 (safer) |
|
Doxylamine |
not reviewed |
L4 (possibly hazardous) |
|
Fexofenadine (Allegra) |
yes |
L3 (moderately safe) |
|
Loratadine (Claritin) |
yes |
L2 (safer) |
|
Terfenadine (Seldane) |
yes |
not reviewed |
|
Triprolidine (Actidil, Actifed) |
yes |
L1 (safest) |
|
* Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk, revised September 2001. ** Per Medications’ and Mothers’ Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2002 edition) |
|||
Obat Anestesi | ||||
Nama Obat |
AAP approved?* |
Kategori Risiko Kehamilan** |
Risiko Menyusui** |
Notes |
Local anesthetics | ||||
Articaine (Septocaine) |
NR |
– |
NR |
|
Bupivacaine (Marcaine) |
NR |
C |
L2 |
|
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
|
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine, Polocaine) |
NR |
C |
L3 |
|
Procaine HCL (Novocaine) |
NR |
C |
L3 |
|
General anesthetics | ||||
Halothane (Fluothane) |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
|
Isoflurane (Forane) |
NR |
– |
NR |
|
Ketamine |
NR |
– |
NR |
|
Methohexital (Brevital) |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
|
Nitrous oxide |
NR |
– |
L3 |
|
Sevoflurane (Ultane) |
NR |
B |
L3 |
|
Thiopental (Pentothal) |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
|
Other medications often used during anesthesia | ||||
Sedatives | ||||
Diazepam (Valium) |
Concern |
D |
L3; L4 for chronic use |
|
Midazolam (Versed) |
Concern |
D |
L3 |
|
Propofol (Diprivan) |
NR |
B |
L2 |
|
Triazolam (Halcion) |
NR |
X |
L3 |
|
Narcotic Analgesics | ||||
Alfentanil (Alfenta) |
NR |
C |
L2 |
|
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
|
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) |
NR |
C |
L3 |
|
Morphine |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
|
Reversal Medication | ||||
Flumazenil (Romazicon) |
NR |
C |
NR |
|
Naloxone (Narcan) |
NR |
C |
NR |
|
Steroids | ||||
Decadron (Dexamethasone) |
NR |
C |
NR |
|
Stimulants | ||||
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) |
NR |
C |
L1 |
|
Anti-nausea | ||||
Promethazine (Phenergan) |
NR |
C |
L2 |
|
- Isoflurane (Forane) is used for c-sections and directly in newborns. Induction of and recovery from isoflurane anesthesia are rapid, so the majority of the medication is out of the body (and milk) very quickly.
- Flumazenil (Romazicon) is used directly in children aged 12 months and up.
- Naloxone (Narcan) is used directly in newborns and children.
- Many forms of Robitussin, Delsym and Benylin are considered compatible with breastfeeding. Always check the active ingredients, as there are many versions.
Kelompok Antasida, Antibiotik, Antivirus, Antijamur, Kontrasepsi, Obat jantung & Hipertensi, Vitamin, dll
Nama Generik |
Nama Dagang |
AAP approved?* |
Kategori Risiko Kehamilan** |
Risiko Menyusui** |
Antasida |
[contents] |
|||
Cimetidine (Antacid) | Tagamet |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Cisapride (GI tract stimulant) | Propulsid |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Domperidone (used for nausea & vomiting, stimulates lactation) [more] | Motilum |
Approved |
– |
L1 |
Antibiotika |
[contents] |
|||
Amoxicillin | Larotid, Amoxil |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Aztreonam | Azactam |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Cefadroxil | Ultracef, Duricef |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Cefazolin | Ancef, Kefzol |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Cefotaxime | Claforan |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Cefoxitin | Mefoxin |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Cefprozil | Cefzil |
Approved |
C |
L1 |
Ceftazidime | Ceftazidime, Fortaz, Taxidime |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Ceftriaxone | Rocephin |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Ciprofloxacin [more] | Cipro |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Clindamycin | Cleocin |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Erythromycin | E-Mycin, Ery-tab, ERYC, Ilosone |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Fleroxacin | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Gentamicin | Garamycin |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Kanamycin | Kebecil, Kantrex |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Moxalactam | Moxam |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Nitrofurantoin | Macrobid |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Ofloxacin | Floxin |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Penicillin | – |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Streptomycin | Streptomycin |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Sulbactam | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Sulfisoxazole | Gantrisin, Azo-Gantrisin |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Tetracycline | Achromycin, Sumycin, Terramycin |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Ticarcillin | Ticarcillin, Ticar, Timentin |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Proloprim, Trimpex |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Antikoagulan |
[contents] |
|||
Bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Warfarin | Coumadin, Panwarfin |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Antikonvulsan (Anti kejang) |
[contents] |
|||
Carbamazepine | Tegretol, Epitol |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Ethosuximide | Zarontin |
Approved |
C |
L4 |
Magnesium sulfate | Epsom salt |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Phenytoin | Dilantin |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Valproic acid | Depakene, Depakote |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Anti Jamur |
[contents] |
|||
Fluconazole [more] | Diflucan |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Ketoconazole | Nizoral Shampoo, Nizoral |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Antivirus |
[contents] |
|||
Acyclovir [more] | Zovirax |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Interferon-alpha [more] | Alferon N, Interferon Alpha |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Arthritis meds (see also: pain meds) |
[contents] |
|||
Gold salts | Ridaura, Myochrysine, Solganal |
Approved |
C |
L5 |
Kontrasepsi, Hormon |
[contents] |
|||
Estradiol | Estratab, Permarin, Menest |
Approved |
X |
L3 (may interfere with milk production) |
Clogestone | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Contraceptive pill with estrogen/progesterone | Preven, Seasonale, Norinyl, Norlestin, Ortho-Novum, Ovral, Lunelle injection, Ortho-Evra patch, etc. |
Approved |
X |
L3 (may interfere with milk production) |
Levonorgestrel | Norplant, Mirena, Plan B |
Approved |
X |
L2 |
Medroxyprogesterone | Provera, Depo-Provera, Cycrin |
Approved |
D |
L1 |
Norethynodrel | Enovid |
Approved |
X |
L2 |
Progesterone | Crinone, Prometrium |
Approved |
– |
L3 |
Obat Diabetes |
[contents] |
|||
Note: Insulin has not been reviewed by the AAP. Pregnancy risk category = B; Lactation risk category = L1. | ||||
Tolbutamide | Oramide, Orinase |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Obat Diare |
[contents] |
|||
Loperamide | Imodium, Pepto Diarrhea Control, Maalox Antidiarrheal Caplets, Kaopectate II Caplets, Immodium Advanced |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
** Note: Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in both) are not recommended for routine use by nursing moms, due to the association of salicylates with Reyes syndrome in children. [more] | ||||
Diuretik (Peluruh Kencing) |
[contents] |
|||
Acetazolamide | Dazamide, Diamox |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Bendroflumethiazide | Naturetin |
Approved |
D |
L4 (may inhibit lactation) |
Chlorothiazide | Hydrodiuril |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Chlorthalidone | Hygroton |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | Hydrodiuril, Esidrix, Oretic |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Spironolactone | Aldactone |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Anti Muntah [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Domperidone | Motilum |
Approved |
– |
L1 |
Anti Hipertensi, Obat Jantung |
[contents] |
|||
Anti aritmia | ||||
Disopyramide | Norpace, Napamide |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Flecainide | Tambocor |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Mexiletine | Mexitil |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Procainamide | Pronestyl, Procan |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Quinidine | Quinaglute, Quinidex |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Anti Hipertensi | ||||
Captopril | Capoten |
Approved |
D |
L3 (if used after 30 days) |
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL | Cardizem Sr, Dilacor-XR, Diltiazem, Cardizem CD |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate | Vasotec |
Approved |
C (1st trim.) |
L2 |
Hydralazine | Apresoline |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Labetalol | Trandate, Normodyne |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Methyldopa | Aldomet |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Metoprolol | Toprol XL, Lopressor |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Minoxidil | Loniten, Minodyl, Rogaine |
Approved |
C |
L2 (topically) |
Nadolol | Corgard, Nadolol |
Approved |
C |
L4 |
Nifedipine | Adalat, Procardia |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Oxprenolol | Apsolox, Slow-Trasicor, Trasicor |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Propranolol | Inderol |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Sotalol | Betapace |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Timolol | Blocadren |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Verapamil | Calan, Isoptin, Covera-HS |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Cardiac stimulants | ||||
Digoxin | Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Laksan (Pelancar BAB) [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Cascara/Cascara Sagrada | – |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Danthron | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Magnesium sulfate | Epsom salt |
Approved |
B |
L1 |
Senna | – |
Approved |
– |
L3 |
Obat malaria |
[contents] |
|||
Chloroquine | Aralen, Novo-chloroquine |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Hydroxychloroquine | Plaquenil |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Pyrimethamine | Daraprim |
Approved |
C |
L4 |
Quinine | Quinamm |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Medical Testing [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Diatrizoate | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Fluorescein | – |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Gadopentetic (Gadolinium) | – |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Iohexol | Omnipaque |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Iopanoic acid | Telepaque |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Metrizamide | Amipaque |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Metrizoate | Isopaque |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Obat Migren [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Sumatriptan | Imitrex |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Obat Sedativ [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Chloral hydrate | Aquachloral, Noctec |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Methyprylon (withdrawn from use in US & Canada) | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Bromide | – |
Approved |
D |
L5 |
Secobarbital | Seconal |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Obat Tidur |
[contents] |
|||
Zolpidem/Zolpidem Tartrate | Ambien |
Approved |
B |
L3 |
Obat Anti Tiroid [more] |
[contents] |
|||
Carbimazole | – |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Methimazole (active metabolite of carbimazole) | Tapazole |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Propylthiouracil | PTU |
Approved |
D |
L2 |
Thiouracil | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Levothyroxine | Synthroid, Levothroid, Thyroid, Levo-T, Levoxyl |
Approved |
A |
L1 |
Obat TBC |
[contents] |
|||
Cycloserine | Seromycin |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Ethambutol | Ethambutol, Myambutol |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Isoniazid | INH, Laniazid |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Rifampin | Rifadin, Rimactane |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
VITAMIN [more] |
[contents] |
|||
B-1 (thiamin) | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) | – |
Approved |
A |
L1 |
B-6 (pyridoxine) | – |
Approved |
A |
L2; L4 in high doses (may inhibit lactation) |
D, vitamin | Calciferol, Delta-d |
Approved |
A |
L3 (do not overdose) |
Folic acid | – |
Approved |
A (1st, 2nd trim.) |
L1 |
K-1, vitamin (Phytonadione) | – |
Approved |
C |
L1 |
Riboflavin/B2 | – |
Approved |
A |
L1 |
Lain-lain |
[contents] |
|||
Acitretin (Anti-psoriasis) | Soriatane |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Alcohol/Ethanol [more] | – |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
Allopurinol | Zyloprim, Lopurin |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Antimony | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Atropine (Anticholinergic, drying agent) | Belladonna, Atropine |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Azapropazone/apazone (Antirheumatic) | Rheumox |
Approved |
– |
L2 |
Baclofen (muscle relaxant) | Lioresal, Atrofen |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Barbiturate | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Caffeine [more] | Vivarin, NoDoz, Coffee |
Approved |
B |
L2 |
Carbetocin (Antihemorrhagic) | Duratocin |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Chloroform | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Cisplatin (Anti-cancer) | Platinol |
Approved |
D |
L4 |
Dapsone (Antileprosy) | Avlosulfon, DDS |
Approved |
C |
L4 |
Hydroxychloroquine (Antirheumatic, lupus) | Plaquenil |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Iodides | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Iodine | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Iodine (povidone-iodine, eg, in a vaginal douche) | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Ivermectin (Antiparasitic) | Mectizan |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Nalidixic acid (Urinary Anti-infective) | NegGram |
Approved |
B |
L4 |
Norsteroids | – |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Pyridostigmine (Muscle stimulant) | Mestinon, Regonol |
Approved |
C |
L2 |
Scopolamine (Motion sickness) | Transderm Scope |
Approved |
C |
L3 |
Sulfapyridine | Dagenan |
Approved |
– |
NR |
Timolol (glaucoma med) | Blocadren |
Approved |
D |
L3 |
* Per the AAP Policy Statement** Per Medications’ and Mothers’ Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition). |
Lactation Risk Categories |
Pregnancy Risk Categories |
|
|
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by Hale |
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